NEET UG BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

226. What is the main principle behind genetic engineering (recombinant DNA technology)?

• A) Hybridization of plant species
• B) The transfer of genes from one organism to another
• C) Cloning of animals
• D) Artificial selection of crops

Answer: B) The transfer of genes from one organism to another

227. Which of the following is a key application of genetic engineering in medicine?

• A) Synthesis of artificial proteins
• B) Human insulin production
• C) Improving the nutritional value of crops
• D) Gene therapy in plants

Answer: B) Human insulin production

228. Which of the following is the source organism for the production of recombinant human insulin?

• A) E. coli
• B) Yeast
• C) Rice
• D) Tobacco plant

Answer: A) E. coli

229. What is a transgenic organism?

• A) An organism that has undergone natural selection
• B) An organism with a modified genome by the introduction of foreign DNA
• C) An organism created by hybridization between two species
• D) A genetically identical organism produced by cloning

Answer: B) An organism with a modified genome by the introduction of foreign DNA

230. Which of the following genetically modified organisms (GMOs) is commonly used in agriculture to control insect pests?

• A) Bt crops
• B) Roundup Ready crops
• C) Golden Rice
• D) Herbicide-resistant crops

Answer: A) Bt crops

231. What is the main role of gene therapy in medicine?

• A) Treating diseases by replacing defective genes with healthy ones
• B) Increasing crop yield
• C) Creating vaccines
• D) Producing genetically modified food

Answer: A) Treating diseases by replacing defective genes with healthy ones

232. Which of the following is NOT a concern related to biotechnology?

• A) Biopiracy
• B) Patents on genetic material
• C) Increase in crop yield
• D) Biosafety issues

Answer: C) Increase in crop yield

233. Bt cotton is a genetically modified organism designed to resist which of the following?

• A) Fungal infections
• B) Insect pests
• C) Viral diseases
• D) Extreme temperatures

Answer: B) Insect pests

234. Which of the following is an example of a transgenic animal?

• A) A rabbit producing human antibodies
• B) A cow with enhanced milk production
• C) A plant with increased resistance to pests
• D) A genetically engineered fruit

Answer: A) A rabbit producing human antibodies

235. Which biotechnology technique is used to produce human insulin from bacterial cells?

• A) PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
• B) Electroporation
• C) Recombinant DNA technology
• D) Gel electrophoresis

Answer: C) Recombinant DNA technology

236. Which of the following is a primary concern of biosafety in biotechnology?

• A) Overpopulation of genetically modified organisms
• B) The potential risk of transgenic organisms escaping into natural ecosystems
• C) The increase in food supply worldwide
• D) The cost of producing genetically modified organisms

Answer: B) The potential risk of transgenic organisms escaping into natural ecosystems

237. What is the main concern regarding the patenting of genetically modified organisms (GMOs)?

• A) It makes the technology accessible to all
• B) It limits access to essential genetic resources for research and development
• C) It reduces the use of biotechnology in agriculture
• D) It improves the diversity of crops

Answer: B) It limits access to essential genetic resources for research and development

238. Which of the following is a concern related to biopiracy in biotechnology?

• A) Exploiting genetic resources of indigenous plants without proper consent
• B) The spread of genetically modified crops to other regions
• C) Increased yield of crops
• D) Legalizing genetically modified organisms worldwide

Answer: A) Exploiting genetic resources of indigenous plants without proper consent

239. Which biotechnology technique is used to identify specific genes in DNA?

• A) Gene cloning
• B) PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
• C) Transcription
• D) Translation

Answer: B) PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

240. Which of the following is a benefit of genetically modified crops like Bt cotton?

• A) Decreased resistance to pests
• B) Increased crop yield and reduced pesticide use
• C) Reduction in genetic diversity
• D) Increased pesticide usage

Answer: B) Increased crop yield and reduced pesticide use