NEET UG BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
NEET UG - Plant Physiology MCQs (76-90)
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Which of the following is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells?
- A) Mitochondria
- B) Chloroplasts
- C) Nucleus
- D) Ribosomes
Answer: B) Chloroplasts
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What is the primary function of photosynthesis?
- A) To produce oxygen
- B) To convert light energy into chemical energy
- C) To store energy in the form of ATP
- D) To remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
Answer: B) To convert light energy into chemical energy
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Which pigment is primarily responsible for absorbing light in the photosynthetic process?
- A) Chlorophyll
- B) Carotenoids
- C) Xanthophyll
- D) Phycocyanin
Answer: A) Chlorophyll
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Which phase of photosynthesis is responsible for the production of glucose?
- A) Photochemical phase
- B) Light-dependent phase
- C) Biosynthetic phase (Calvin cycle)
- D) Photophosphorylation
Answer: C) Biosynthetic phase (Calvin cycle)
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In the process of photosynthesis, what is the role of water molecules in the photochemical phase?
- A) They provide carbon dioxide for the Calvin cycle
- B) They donate electrons and hydrogen ions
- C) They act as an electron acceptor
- D) They break down glucose
Answer: B) They donate electrons and hydrogen ions
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Which of the following is NOT involved in the photochemical phase of photosynthesis?
- A) Light energy
- B) Chlorophyll
- C) Carbon dioxide
- D) Water
Answer: C) Carbon dioxide
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What is the primary difference between cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation?
- A) Cyclic photophosphorylation produces oxygen, whereas non-cyclic does not
- B) Cyclic photophosphorylation involves only Photosystem I, while non-cyclic involves both Photosystems I and II
- C) Non-cyclic photophosphorylation does not require light
- D) Cyclic photophosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria, while non-cyclic occurs in the chloroplast
Answer: B) Cyclic photophosphorylation involves only Photosystem I, while non-cyclic involves both Photosystems I and II
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According to the chemiosmotic hypothesis, the formation of ATP during photosynthesis is driven by the movement of:
- A) Electrons through the electron transport chain
- B) Protons across the thylakoid membrane
- C) Oxygen molecules across the stroma
- D) Glucose molecules into the chloroplast
Answer: B) Protons across the thylakoid membrane
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What is the main difference between C3 and C4 pathways in photosynthesis?
- A) C3 plants use oxygen, while C4 plants use carbon dioxide
- B) C3 plants fix carbon directly in the Calvin cycle, while C4 plants use an additional enzyme before the Calvin cycle
- C) C4 plants are found in colder climates, while C3 plants thrive in warmer climates
- D) C4 plants are anaerobic, while C3 plants are aerobic
Answer: B) C3 plants fix carbon directly in the Calvin cycle, while C4 plants use an additional enzyme before the Calvin cycle
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Which enzyme is responsible for fixing carbon dioxide in the C4 pathway?
- A) RuBisCO
- B) PEP carboxylase
- C) ATP synthase
- D) NADP+ reductase
Answer: B) PEP carboxylase
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Which of the following is true regarding the photophosphorylation process?
- A) It produces glucose directly
- B) It involves the use of light to convert ADP to ATP
- C) It only occurs in the mitochondria
- D) It produces carbon dioxide as a byproduct
Answer: B) It involves the use of light to convert ADP to ATP
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Which of the following statements about the Calvin cycle is correct?
- A) It occurs in the mitochondria
- B) It is a light-dependent process
- C) It fixes carbon dioxide into organic molecules
- D) It produces oxygen
Answer: C) It fixes carbon dioxide into organic molecules
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Which of the following factors is most likely to reduce the rate of photosynthesis in plants?
- A) Increased temperature and light intensity
- B) Increased availability of carbon dioxide
- C) Decreased oxygen concentration
- D) Excessive water availability
Answer: A) Increased temperature and light intensity
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