NEET UG BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

NEET UG Biology - Unit 7: Genetics and Evolution Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

196. Which of the following is the genetic material in most organisms?
     a) RNA
     b) DNA
     c) Proteins
     d) Lipids
     Answer: b) DNA
197. What is the basic structural unit of DNA?
     a) Nucleosome
     b) Nucleotide
     c) Ribose sugar
     d) Polypeptide chain
     Answer: b) Nucleotide
198. Which of the following enzymes is responsible for unwinding the DNA during replication?
     a) DNA ligase
     b) DNA polymerase
     c) Helicase
     d) Topoisomerase
     Answer: c) Helicase
199. Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in protein synthesis?
     a) Translation → Transcription
     b) Transcription → Translation
     c) Replication → Transcription → Translation
     d) Translation → Replication → Transcription
     Answer: b) Transcription → Translation
200. Which of the following best explains the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?
     a) DNA → RNA → Protein
     b) Protein → RNA → DNA
     c) RNA → DNA → Protein
     d) DNA → Protein → RNA
     Answer: a) DNA → RNA → Protein
201. The Lac Operon system regulates the expression of genes involved in the metabolism of which sugar?
     a) Glucose
     b) Fructose
     c) Lactose
     d) Sucrose
     Answer: c) Lactose
202. The Human Genome Project was aimed at determining the:
     a) Sequence of human proteins
     b) Total number of chromosomes in humans
     c) Sequence of human DNA
     d) Functions of human genes
     Answer: c) Sequence of human DNA
203. DNA fingerprinting is a technique used for:
     a) Replicating DNA
     b) Determining the sequence of RNA
     c) Identifying genetic differences
     d) Creating recombinant DNA
     Answer: c) Identifying genetic differences
204. Which of the following is a characteristic of RNA, but not DNA?
     a) It is a double-stranded molecule
     b) It contains the sugar ribose
     c) It has thymine as a base
     d) It is the genetic material in most organisms
     Answer: b) It contains the sugar ribose
205. Darwin’s theory of evolution was primarily based on:
     a) Genetic drift
     b) Natural selection
     c) Mutations
     d) Gene flow
     Answer: b) Natural selection
206. Which of the following is evidence for biological evolution from Paleontology?
     a) Fossil records
     b) Comparative embryology
     c) Molecular similarity
     d) Artificial selection
     Answer: a) Fossil records
207. The Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution includes which of the following factors?
     a) Mutation
     b) Gene flow
     c) Natural selection
     d) All of the above
     Answer: d) All of the above
208. Which type of natural selection occurs when both extreme phenotypes are favored?
     a) Stabilizing selection
     b) Directional selection
     c) Disruptive selection
     d) Adaptive selection
     Answer: c) Disruptive selection
209. Gene flow refers to the:
     a) Movement of alleles between populations
     b) Random changes in gene frequency
     c) Process by which new species arise
     d) Gradual change in a population’s genetic structure
     Answer: a) Movement of alleles between populations
210. According to Hardy-Weinberg’s principle, genetic equilibrium is maintained if:
     a) There is no mutation
     b) There is random mating
     c) There is no natural selection
     d) All of the above
     Answer: d) All of the above

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