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121. Which of the following is NOT a classical theory of learning?
a) Classical Conditioning
b) Operant Conditioning
c) Observational Learning
d) Psychoanalysis
Answer: d) Psychoanalysis

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122. Who is known for the theory of operant conditioning?
a) Ivan Pavlov
b) B.F. Skinner
c) Jean Piaget
d) Albert Bandura
Answer: b) B.F. Skinner

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123. The ‘learning curve’ shows that learning is:
a) Instantaneous
b) Gradual and cumulative
c) Random and erratic
d) Declining over time
Answer: b) Gradual and cumulative

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124. Which factor does NOT influence learning?
a) Motivation
b) Environment
c) Height of the learner
d) Prior knowledge
Answer: c) Height of the learner

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125. The phases of learning include:
a) Acquisition, retention, transfer
b) Observation, imitation, reinforcement
c) Sensation, perception, reaction
d) Encoding, storing, recalling
Answer: a) Acquisition, retention, transfer

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126. Which type of learning occurs by observing others?
a) Classical Conditioning
b) Operant Conditioning
c) Observational Learning
d) Latent Learning
Answer: c) Observational Learning

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127. Transfer of learning refers to:
a) Forgetting previous knowledge
b) Applying knowledge from one context to another
c) Learning in multiple subjects simultaneously
d) Unlearning old habits
Answer: b) Applying knowledge from one context to another

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128. Which dimension of learning deals with acquiring skills?
a) Cognitive
b) Affective
c) Psychomotor
d) Social
Answer: c) Psychomotor

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129. Memory is best defined as:
a) The process of forgetting information
b) The ability to recall past experiences
c) The process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information
d) The act of learning something new
Answer: c) The process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information

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130. Forgetting can be caused by:
a) Interference
b) Motivation
c) Reinforcement
d) Learning curve
Answer: a) Interference

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131. Which theory emphasizes learning as a change in behavior due to experience?
a) Cognitive Theory
b) Behaviorism
c) Humanism
d) Constructivism
Answer: b) Behaviorism

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132. Inclusive education primarily aims to:
a) Separate children with special needs
b) Integrate all children regardless of abilities
c) Focus only on gifted children
d) Provide education only to children without disabilities
Answer: b) Integrate all children regardless of abilities

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133. Which learning theory highlights the role of reinforcement and punishment?
a) Cognitive Learning Theory
b) Operant Conditioning
c) Social Learning Theory
d) Gestalt Theory
Answer: b) Operant Conditioning

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134. The term 'learning dimensions' does NOT include:
a) Cognitive
b) Affective
c) Mechanical
d) Psychomotor
Answer: c) Mechanical

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135. Which is a key principle of effective learning?
a) Learning must be passive
b) Learning is cumulative
c) Learning is always quick
d) Learning is unrelated to motivation
Answer: b) Learning is cumulative

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136. Aptitude and interest influence which aspect of learning?
a) Learning speed and retention
b) Only forgetting
c) Memory capacity alone
d) None of the above
Answer: a) Learning speed and retention

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137. Which of the following is a common classroom implementation for children with special needs?
a) Segregation from mainstream students
b) Use of individualized education programs (IEP)
c) Ignoring their special needs
d) Group punishment
Answer: b) Use of individualized education programs (IEP)

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138. According to cognitive theories, learning involves:
a) Passive absorption of information
b) Active mental processes like thinking and problem-solving
c) Reflex actions only
d) Physical conditioning only
Answer: b) Active mental processes like thinking and problem-solving

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139. The forgetting curve was proposed by:
a) Ebbinghaus
b) Thorndike
c) Skinner
d) Bandura
Answer: a) Ebbinghaus

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140. Which type of learning is most suitable for developing moral values?
a) Cognitive learning
b) Affective learning
c) Psychomotor learning
d) Mechanical learning
Answer: b) Affective learning

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